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American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance
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Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance


Issue: November/December 2012

Positive Illusory Bias in Children with ADHD in Physical Education
Jason C. Bishop & Martin E. Block 

Abstract: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common developmental disorder that can cause a motor-skill delay in children. Positive illusory bias (PIB)—the belief that one is better at performing a task or a skill than one actually is—may be one cause of this delay. Although nearly everyone experiences a mild and healthy PIB, students with ADHD experience an exaggerated and unhealthy PIB that impedes their ability to learn motor skills. This article presents five strategies to help students with an without ADHD in physical education who have an exaggerated PIB. These strategies include giving positive feedback during and after skill demonstrations, providing direct instruction and feedback, offering knowledge of results tasks sheets, designing activities that offer immediate feedback, and providing incentives for good performance.

Article Category: Inclusion